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No abstract available.
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No abstract available.
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Müllerian duct aplasia-renal aplasia-cervicothoracic somite dysplasia (MURCS) association is a unique development disorder with four common types of malformations that include uterine aplasia or hypoplasia, renal ectopy or agenesis, vertebral anomalies, and short stature. The majority of MURCS patients are diagnosed with primary amenorrhea from late-adolescence. However, a few cases with MURCS association are not well diagnosed during childhood and long-term outcomes are not well reported. We report a case of an 8-year-old girl with MURCS association who presented with recurrent urinary tract infections and multiple congenital malformations, and who was followed for 10 years until adulthood. MURCS association should be considered as one of the differential diagnoses when evaluating prepubertal females with vertebral and renal malformations.
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Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Amenorreia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Seguimentos , Somitos , Infecções UrináriasRESUMO
PURPOSE: The pathophysiological role of detrusor overactivity (DO) in the bladder, which is commonly observed in various bladder diseases, is not well understood. DO appears in bladder outlet obstruction (BOO), and may continue even after subsequent deobstruction. DO therefore provides an excellent opportunity to observe molecular biological changes. METHODS: In this study, to understand the molecular effects of persistent DO after BOO induction and deobstruction, we performed awake cystometry on female Sprague-Dawley rats divided into 4 groups: a sham group, a BOO group, a deobstructed group with DO after BOO (DDO), and a deobstructed group without DO after BOO (non-DDO). Total RNA was extracted from the bladder samples, and gene expression profiles were compared between the sham and model groups. RESULTS: DO was observed in 5 of the 6 rats (83%) in the BOO group, and in 6 of the 13 rats (46%) in the deobstructed group. The non-DDO group showed a significantly greater residual volume than the DDO group. Through a clustering analysis of gene expression profiles, we identified 7,532 common upregulated and downregulated genes, the expression of which changed by more than 2 fold. In the BOO group, 898 upregulated and 2,911 downregulated genes were identified. The non-DDO group showed 3,472 upregulated and 4,025 downregulated genes, whereas in the DDO group, only 145 and 72 genes were upregulated and downregulated, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Abnormal function and gene expression profiles in bladders after BOO were normalized in the BOO rats with DO after deobstruction, whereas in those without DO, abnormal function persisted and the gene expression profile became more abnormal. DO may play a protective role against the stress to the bladder induced by BOO and deobstruction as a form of adaptive neuroplasticity.
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Animais , Feminino , Humanos , Ratos , DNA , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Expressão Gênica , Análise em Microsséries , Plasticidade Neuronal , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Volume Residual , RNA , Transcriptoma , Obstrução Uretral , Doenças da Bexiga Urinária , Obstrução do Colo da Bexiga Urinária , Bexiga Urinária , Bexiga Urinária HiperativaRESUMO
No abstract available.
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Insuficiência Cardíaca , Coração , Aprendizagem , Bexiga UrináriaRESUMO
No abstract available.
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No abstract available.
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No abstract available.
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PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to apply a new surgical procedure that allows for the successful monitoring of intraurethral pressure (IUP) changes in the cystometry of awake Sprague-Dawley rats. METHODS: Twenty-six female Sprague-Dawley rats were grouped according to the catheterization method (bladder only; bladder and urethra; or bladder, urethra, and abdomen). Using an arbitrarily determined initial point of the first phase among four rat micturition phases on the simultaneous curves as a reference point, we compared the time differences to the points on an intravesical pressure (IVP) and those on IUP or a detrusor pressure (DP) curve from intra-abdominal pressure (IAP). RESULTS: In awake rat, the start of urethral flow on IUP curve corresponded to the initial point of the second phase, which is same to the results on the anesthetized rat. However, certain results, such as micturition pressure (MP) and intraluminal pressure high-frequency oscillations (IPHFOs), differed between awake and anesthetized rats. Most MP values were checked after the end of urethral flow on the IUP curve, which is due to the peculiar methodology such as transvesical catheterization. Urethral flow was not completely interrupted during the IPHFOs, which suggests the presence of urethral wall tension against the flow during voiding. After removal of the superimposed effects of IAP from IVP, the DP curve clearly showed a peculiar shape, highlighting the possibility of using IAP in place of IUP to detect the flow starting point on the IVP curve. CONCLUSIONS: Awake rat cystometry results have been interpreted based on those in anesthetized rats. However, our awake cystometry data were substantially different in terms of voiding time compared to those of anesthetized rats. This discovery warrants careful interpretation of the voiding parameters in awake rat cystometry.
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Animais , Feminino , Humanos , Ratos , Cateterismo , Catéteres , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Uretra , Bexiga Urinária , Micção , UrodinâmicaRESUMO
Rat cystometry is increasingly being used in research on overactive bladder and is a research tool for investigating bladder functions during the storage and voiding phases. Measurement of the pressure in the bladder is an essential part of cystometry, although that pressure is the sum of both detrusor and intra-abdominal pressures. In anesthetic cystometry, measurement of the intra-abdominal pressure is not necessary, because the values of this variable are negligible. In awake cystometry, however, it is mandatory to separate the changes in intra-abdominal pressure from those in intravesical pressure, because consciousness causes much variability in intra-abdominal pressure. This review describes why we use the term "detrusor overactivity" in animal research with intra-abdominal pressure and presents evidence for the role of intra-abdominal pressure in the cystometry of normal rats and in animal models of overactive bladder directed at understanding the pathogenesis of the overactive bladder condition. The methodology is also briefly reviewed.
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Animais , Ratos , Experimentação Animal , Estado de Consciência , Modelos Animais , Bexiga Urinária , Bexiga Urinária Hiperativa , UrodinâmicaRESUMO
PURPOSE: Methylphenidate is the most widely used central nervous system stimulant in patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. However, few studies have assessed its effects on voiding. Various doses of methylphenidate were investigated for their effects on cystometric parameters in conscious mice. METHODS: Ten male C57BL/6 mice, weighing between 20 and 23 g, were used in this study. To compare the acute drug responses before and after the oral medication was administered in the awake condition, we injected the solution through a catheter inserted into the stomach. Methylphenidate (1.25, 2.5, and 5 mg/kg) in an injection volume of 0.05 mL was administered. RESULTS: Four mice that received high doses of methylphenidate (2.5 and 5 mg/kg) showed no voiding contraction, with urine leakage. Six mice that received a low dose of methylphenidate (1.25 mg/kg) showed typical micturition cycles before and after administration. The micturition pressure decreased and bladder capacity increased without an increased residual volume after administration. CONCLUSIONS: Methylphenidate has differential, dose-dependent effects on the function of the lower urinary tract, due to the dependent relationship between the brain and lower urinary tract. Especially at higher doses, this drug may interfere with normal micturition. Therefore, more detailed clinical or experimental studies are warranted in the future.
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Animais , Humanos , Masculino , Camundongos , Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade , Encéfalo , Catéteres , Sistema Nervoso Central , Metilfenidato , Volume Residual , Estômago , Bexiga Urinária , Bexiga Urinaria Neurogênica , Sistema Urinário , Micção , UrodinâmicaRESUMO
PURPOSE: Different techniques for cystocele repair including the conventional anterior colporrhaphy and mesh technique are known. Our goal was to evaluate the anatomical success and safety of our method of transvaginal anterior vaginal wall repair by the purse-string technique reinforced with three simple additional sutures in the repair of cystocele over a 4-year follow-up period. METHODS: This was a retrospective review of 69 consecutive patients (grades 2 to 4) who underwent the above operations between 2001 and 2011, including their success rates as assessed by use of the Baden-Walker halfway classification system. RESULTS: Of the patients, 62 patients (98%) were completely cured of cystocele and 1 patient showed grade 2 cystocele recurrence that required no further treatment. Two patients with grade 4 cystocele were completely cured. There was no vaginal erosion related to the cystocele repair. CONCLUSIONS: Transvaginal anterior colporrhaphy by a purse-string technique reinforced with simple additive sutures appears to be a simple, safe, and easily performed approach in cystocele repair. There is no need for other material for reinforcement, even in high-grade cystocele, which is an advantage of our technique.
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Humanos , Cistocele , Seguimentos , Imidazóis , Nitrocompostos , Prolapso , Recidiva , Reforço Psicológico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Suturas , Doenças da Bexiga Urinária , VaginaRESUMO
No abstract available.
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Acute fibrinous and organizing pneumonia is a newly recognized pattern of acute lung injury. A 49-year-old female presented with a cough and worsening dyspnea on exertion. She had no history of smoking and no specific past medical history except exposure of home humidifier containing sterilizer. A chest computed tomography scan showed patchy consolidation with fibrosis in the right lower lobe and ill-defined centrilobular ground glass opacity in both lungs. The pathological findings were patchy areas of lung parenchyma with fibrin deposits in the alveolar ducts and alveoli, and fibrin balls with hemosiderin deposition in the alveolar spaces. The histological pattern of our case is differentiated from diffuse alveolar damage by the absence of hyaline membranes, and from eosinophilic pneumonia by the lack of eosinophils. In our case, the patient was treated with corticosteroid pulse therapy. However, the clinical course became aggravated and she died within two weeks.
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Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Lesão Pulmonar Aguda , Tosse , Pneumonia em Organização Criptogênica , Dispneia , Eosinófilos , Fibrina , Fibrose , Vidro , Hemossiderina , Hialina , Exposição por Inalação , Pulmão , Membranas , Pneumonia , Eosinofilia Pulmonar , Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório , Fumaça , Fumar , TóraxRESUMO
PURPOSE: Overactive bladder is especially common in the elderly, although it is not regarded as a normal part of aging. Thus, we investigated how aging alters the cystometric and detrusor overactivity (DO) parameters and the density of nerve growth factor (NGF) in awake spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHRs) of different ages. METHODS: Three age groups of 12- (n=5), 17- (n=6), and 21- (n=6) week-old SHRs (Oriental Bio Inc.) were used. A catheter was implanted into the bladder to record the intravesical pressure (IVP), and a balloon-fitted catheter was positioned in the abdominal cavity to record the intraabdominal pressure (IAP). Of the IVP elevations above 2 cm H2O, DO was defined as a rise in IVP without a simultaneous change in IAP and was counted during the filling phase. We measured the expression of NGF in the bladders by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: Both the body and bladder weights significantly increased with age, but the normalized ratio between those was not changed. As for DO, none of the12-week-old rats showed DO, whereas the other groups did. DO increased significantly with age (P=0.0045 by Mantel-Haenszel trend test), although no significant differences were found in DO frequency or pressure between the 17- and 21-week-old age groups. NGF did not show any significant differences among the three groups. CONCLUSIONS: Our results showed that SHRs begin to shows DO after a certain age, such as 12 weeks of age, and that the occurrence of DO has a close relationship with aging. However, NGF, which is known to be increased in the bladder wall of patients with overactive bladder, did not show any relationship with aging in this study.
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Idoso , Animais , Humanos , Ratos , Cavidade Abdominal , Envelhecimento , Catéteres , Fator de Crescimento Neural , Ratos Endogâmicos SHR , Bexiga Urinária , Bexiga Urinária Hiperativa , Urodinâmica , Pesos e MedidasRESUMO
No abstract available.
